Entries by Mary Williams

DROUGHT HYPERSENSITIVE negatively regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis by promoting the degradation of transcription factor ROC4 in rice

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Wax covering the outer surface of the shoot (epicuticular wax) is crucial in the ability of the plant to conserve water. Wang et al. identified a drought hypersensitive plant that overexpresses an E3 ubiquitin ligase which they named DROUGHT HYPERSENSITIVE. In these overexpression plants, there was a significant reduction in wax deposition. The authors speculated […]

Evolutionary transitions between beneficial and phytopathogenic Rhodococcus

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Rodococcus bacteria are often identified as causal agents in disease outbreaks. Savory et al. analyzed 60 isolates from diseased plants. By comparing these new isolates and previous isolates, they found that 64 of 66 pathogenic isolates carry a linear virulence plasmid, and that all but four carried genes previously associated with pathogenicity.  A comparison of […]

What We’re Reading: December 22nd

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Review: On the selectivity, specificity and signaling potential of long-distance movement of messenger RNA Regulation of transcription occurs at the cell-type specific level, but transcribed messenger RNA is mobile and can move between tissues through plant vasculature, serving as a long distance messenger. Many mRNA molecules have been identified in the phloem sap, suggesting that […]

Point of View: A transatlantic perspective on 20 emerging issues in biological engineering studies

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“Horizon scanning” describes the process of trying to rationally predict the future.  Wintle et al. describe the results from a horizon-scanning exercise to identify emerging issues in biological engineering. The authors used an iterative approach to identify key issues in the near and longer-term future. In this Point of View, they elaborate on 20 issues […]

Plant RuBisCo assembly in E. coli with five chloroplast chaperones ($)

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In plants, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo), the enzyme responsible for fixing carbon, is a made up of 8 each of the large and small subunits, making the L8S8 form. Efforts to study this enzyme have been thwarted by the inability to assemble an active L8S8 form in a heterologous expression system such as E. coli. Assembly […]

Mediator complex subunits in the regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis ($)

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The Mediator complex is a transcriptional co-regulator that is conserved across kingdoms. Several subunits have been identified through genetic approaches in Arabidopsis. Recessive loss-of-function mutants of MED5 subunits cause phenylpropanoid overaccumulation, but ef4-3, a semi-dominant mutation of a MED5 subunit leads to dwarfism and decreased phenylpropanoid accumulation. Other studies suggest that MED5 may function as […]

The Brassicaceae family displays divergent, shoot-skewed NLR resistance gene expression

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NLR (Nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat resistance) genes help plants recognize pathogens. Munch et al. looked at expression pattern data of 1,235 NLRs from nine plant species. The distribution of NLR gene expression between shoot and root is relatively constant within a species, and for most species is skewed towards root-specific expression. This is interesting because […]

What we’re Reading: December 15th

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Point of View: A transatlantic perspective on 20 emerging issues in biological engineering studies “Horizon scanning” describes the process of trying to rationally predict the future.  Wintle et al. describe the results from a horizon-scanning exercise to identify emerging issues in biological engineering. The authors used an iterative approach to identify key issues in the […]

Update: Seedling establishment: a dimmer switch-regulated process between dark and light signaling

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By Charlotte M.M. Gommers and Elena Monte Abstract By being exquisitely sensitive to their light surroundings, plants are able to continuously adjust their growth to optimize fitness. Darkness is an important cue for plants and a time when they actively grow and develop through regulation of the appropriate gene networks and biochemical changes. Although plants […]