Review: Impact of the ion transportome of chloroplasts on the optimization of photosynthesis ($)

In photosynthesis, light energy generates proton motive force (pmf) across the thylakoid membrane. The establishment and maintenance of pmf involves numerous membrane transporters as well as other ions.  Szabò and Septea review how various ions (including K⁺, Na⁺, Fe²⁺, Cu⁺, Mn²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^–) contribute to photosynthetic efficiency, the approximate range of concentrations of each of these ions in various chloroplast compartments, and the transporters that enable them to cross membranes. The impact of the ion transportome on non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is also discussed. J. Exp. Bot. 10.1093/jxb/erx063