Review: Developmental phase transitions in oxygen status ($)

Hypoxia is a condition in which oxygen availability is insuffient to support normal cellular functions. Hypoxia is often associated with stress such as flooding, and responses to hypoxia include increased glycolytic activity and fermentation. Considine et al. review the role lf hypoxia and tissue oxygen status, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), in normal development, including the role the N-rule pathway of proteolysis and ERFVII transcription factors in hypoxia responses. They also summarize evidence for spatial gradients in ROS and RNS and their contributions to developmental phase changes such as the maintenance of quiescence center at the root, anther development, photomorphogenesis and seed germination.  Trends Plant Sci. 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.11.013