The trans-Golgi networks (TGN) is a major protein sorting station involved in trafficking or recycling of endosomal materials. This busiest hub in the cell has at least four important pathways including the anterograde routes of secretory, recycling, vacuolar transport and retrograde endocytic pathways. At molecular level, it remains unclear how sorting of cargo and distribution […]
Domesticated tomato has been subjected to human selection to satisfy marketing and economic desires, leading to a loss of genetic diversity and elimination of fruits traits such as flavor, aroma and pathogen resistance. Introgression lines (ILs) that capture the genome of wild desert-adapted tomato Solanum pennellii in the background of cultivated tomato, S. lycopersicum, provide […]
Quality control of the protein folding mechanism in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which selectively eliminates or recycles unwanted cytoplasmic components, is recognized by specific autophagy receptors. Selective removal of certain ER domains by the autophagy pathway (termed as ER-phagy) is controlled by these receptors that recruit specific cargo through interaction with the Autophagy-related protein 8 […]
During heat stress, heat shock transcription factors upregulate heat shock protein genes and give rise to the heat shock response (HSR) that occurs in the cytoplasm, while in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the unfolded protein response (UPR) is also activated during heat stress. Both HSR and UPR cause the accumulation of misfolded proteins, a condition […]
Excessive heat and water deficit coincide with flowering and result in developmental defeats such as male floral organs browning, infertile pollen, and failure in fertilization: a syndrome known as “tassel blasting” in maize. The genetic pathway underlying tassel blasting is not well characterized. Dong et al. report the tissue-specific NAC transcription factor, Necrotic Upper Tips1 […]
Protein degradation is mediated by several systems: the ubiquitin-proteasome system, multi-vesicle body-mediated vacuolar sorting (MVB), and the autophagy-vacuole pathway. However, the communication between these different protein degradation systems are less characterized. Here, Xia et al. report a new node in mediating crosstalk between the proteasomal and autophagic degradation pathways. They show that the SEVEN IN […]
Drought is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting plant growth and development. MicroRNAs are a class of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) consisting of 21-24 nucleotides, that play critical roles in many biological processes by regulating target gene expression. Apple is one of the most economically important fruits. It’s yield and quality are decreased […]
Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved enzyme but functionally diverse among eukaryotic cells. V-ATPases couple the energy released by ATP hydrolysis to pump protons across membranes of many cell types. In Arabidopsis, the V-ATPases containing different isoforms of V-ATPase catalytic subunit A (VHA-a) are sorted in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); however, it is not […]
The cambium is a layer of actively dividing cells between xylem and phloem tissues that is responsible for the thickening of primary or lateral roots and stems. Root crops are tightly associated with the cambium regulatory mechanism which is less characterized in root as compared to shoot development. Hoang et al. generated the first high-resolution […]