Review: The what, how and why of symptom development in viral disease
I was initially drawn to this review by curiosity about its title; I realized I hadn’t ever wondered how and why viral infections cause symptoms in plants. I’m so glad I looked into it! This is a compelling and fascinating review that takes a broad look at plant-virus interactions. It starts with a brief look at the history of plant viruses, including the first recorded written observation, and how viruses contributed to “Tulipmania” in the 17th century. The authors then take a close look at the kinds of symptoms that arise as a consequence of viral infection, and group these symptoms into a coherent scheme, categorizing them for example as interfering with development, chloroplast activity, defense responses or ROS production. They note that symptoms alone are not a diagnostic tool, as, independently evolved viruses can cause very similar symptoms. The authors also look at how environmental factors, including coinfecting viruses, affect symptom development. Interestingly, symptom development often does not influence viral performance in the plant, although the symptoms can make the plant more attractive to insect vectors, thus enhancing viral dissemination. (Summary by Mary Williams @PlantTeaching.bsky.social) Annu. Rev. Phytopathology 10.1146/annurev-phyto-121323-021434
