Plants devote more than 70% of their available nitrogen to maintaining chloroplast function (Makino and Osmond, 1991). During senescence or under stress conditions, chloroplasts are degraded and their constituent components are recycled. Chloroplasts can be degraded through at least three pathways: (1) senescence-associated vacuoles, (2) the CHLOROPLAST VESICULATION (CV)-mediated pathway, and (3) the autophagy pathway […]
Plants devote more than 70% of their available nitrogen to maintaining chloroplast function (Makino and Osmond, 1991). During senescence or under stress conditions, chloroplasts are degraded and their constituent components are recycled. Chloroplasts can be degraded through at least three pathways: (1) senescence-associated vacuoles, (2) the CHLOROPLAST VESICULATION (CV)-mediated pathway, and (3) the autophagy pathway […]
Protein-protein interactions mediate fundamental biological processes. Yeast two-hybrid assays can be used to detect protein-protein interactions in a fast and large-scale manner. However, in traditional yeast-two hybrid assays, the prey and bait proteins must be located in the nucleus to activate reporter genes. This requirement limits the application of this assay in detecting membrane protein […]