Photosynthesis is a fundamental biological process for carbon fixation and capturing light energy to drive plant growth. However, excessive sunlight can cause photodamage, which is detrimental to plant health. To protect the photosynthetic machinery from over-excitation and subsequent damage, plant cells employ a sophisticated mechanism to regulate the distribution of excitation energy between the reaction […]
Cholesterol, an essential structural component of membranes and a precursor for steroid hormones, serves as a key metabolite at the interface of primary and secondary metabolism. However, the mechanisms regulating the balance between its diverse downstream metabolic pathways remain poorly understood. One well-known example of cholesterol-derived secondary metabolites is steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). SGAs are potent […]
The regulated expression of genes is fundamental to all biological processes, including development, cell growth, and responses to environmental signals. Transcription factors (TFs) are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that play a central role in transcriptional regulation by directly interacting with cis-regulatory elements of gene targets. During evolution, the specificity of these interactions can shift due to […]
Strigolactones (SLs), a group of carotenoid-derived small signaling molecules and a class of phytohormones, play key roles in regulating various growth and developmental processes in plants. Additionally, they act as rhizosphere signaling molecules that promote symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Despite the identification of key components involved in SL perception and signaling through genetic […]
The reduction in crop yields caused by pathogens and pests poses a significant challenge to global food security. Genetic engineering, aimed at strengthening plant defense mechanisms, offers a cost-effective solution for disease control. However, this approach often comes with a growth penalty, commonly referred to as the growth-defense trade-off. Despite extensive research, the precise molecular […]
Enhancing plant defense against pathogens and pests often incurs a cost to essential physiological functions such as growth and reproduction, creating a trade-off. This phenomenon is evident in genetic studies across various plant models and agricultural breeding programs. Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known phytohormone essential for basal immunity and systemic acquired resistance; however, its […]
Genome editing stands at the forefront of scientific innovation, offering transformative possibilities to manipulate the genetic code of plants, animals, and humans. A critical bottleneck for its application in modern crop improvement is the low frequency and error-prone integration of foreign DNA into the plant genome. While the rapid development of CRISPR/Cas system, which functions […]
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Under P deficiency, white lupin develops cluster roots (CR), specialized root structures that enhance soil exploration and nutrient acquisition. While sugar signaling, particularly sucrose, has been shown to play a role in the establishment of CR, other CR-associated features such as the root exudation […]
Cell surface receptor complexes act as the first line of defense in detecting pathogens and preventing invasion. Upon recognizing extracellular immunogenic patterns, a cascade of signaling relays occurs, mediated by phosphorylation events among a large array of membrane-associated proteins. These proteins include receptor-like kinases (RLKs), receptor-like proteins (RLPs), and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs). The genomes […]